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How are emissions from cow rations for byproducts like almond hulls considered in the model?

How are emissions from cow rations for byproducts like almond hulls considered in the model?

September 28, 2023


Most byproduct feed ingredients are not separately accounted for in FARM ES. They should be categorized under “all other feed”. The 11 primary feed types included in FARM ES made up 82% of the feed emissions in the original LCA research – so that’s why the model focuses efforts there. The supplementary material in these two papers gives more info about the assumed rations by region in the LCA research (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0958694612001999#appsec1 and https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0958694612002051#appsec1)

Work is underway to include certain byproduct feeds in Version 3 of FARM ES.

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